Investigating the impacts of climate change on ecosystem services in UK agro-ecosystems: An application of the DPSIR framework

Understanding how climate change will affect agro-ecosystems and the ecosystem services they provide is a significant global challenge. Investigating this topic requires holistic approach that can capture complexity of assess impacts on physical, biological, socio-economic aspects system. The Drivers-Pressures-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework problem structuring method commonly used in environmental policy management to collate synthesise multidisciplinary evidence. By reviewing relevant literature documents, we created DPSIR characterising some key directly generated by farmland biodiversity, using UK agriculture as case study. We focussed three groups service providers: pollinators, pest regulators arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. standard establish broad-scale relationships, before developing two extensions initial DPSIR, which together formed novel three-step approach. second step allowed detailed exploration cause-effect relationships between different features agro-ecosystem, including cascading services. This process highlighted knowledge gaps relating species interactions cultural third provided visual summary expected directional trends for agro-ecosystems, based upon current demonstrated negative soil quality, crop yields wide variety goods, only be addressed effectively with targeted policies. developed here would useful modelling other complex systems where impeded availability accessible syntheses